30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? Surely one reason that copies have lost their sense of human connection, abundance, and intimate relation is that modern technology has made copying so easy. The methods of copying available to us have never been more powerfully (abundant). This seems true even as a sense of loss has attended our ever more powerful means to (reproduce) what we care about. Walter Benjamin has famously formulated this loss as an "aura": that which is (lost) in mechanical reproduction. The aura of a work of art, he suggests, cannot be copied by mechanical technology. By around 1900, he writes, "technical reproduction had reached a standard that not only permitted it to reproduce all transmitted works of art and thus to cause the most profound change in their impact upon the public." The (ability) to copy mechanically "substituted a plurality of copies for a unique existence," Benjamin argued. In addition to transforming art and t...
중국어 문법 핵심 완벽 정리 중국어 문법은 한국어와 다른 점도 많지만, 명확한 규칙을 가지고 있어 핵심만 잘 파악하면 생각보다 쉽게 접근할 수 있습니다. 중국어 문법의 가장 큰 특징은 ① 어순이 매우 중요하다 는 것과 ② 동사의 형태 변화(시제, 인칭에 따른 변화)가 없다 는 점입니다. 아래에 초급부터 중급까지 가장 중요하고 필수적인 문법 사항들을 체계적으로 정리했습니다. 1. 문장의 기본 구조 (SVO) 중국어의 가장 기본적인 문장 구조는 주어(S) + 술어(V) + 목적어(O) 순서입니다. 이는 영어와 동일하여 상대적으로 이해하기 쉽습니다. 기본형: 我(wǒ) 爱(ài) 你(nǐ)。 뜻: 나는 너를 사랑해. 구조: 주어(我) + 동사(爱) + 목적어(你) 예문: 他(tā) 喝(hē) 咖啡(kāfēi)。(그는 커피를 마신다.) 我们(wǒmen) 学习(xuéxí) 汉语(hànyǔ)。(우리는 중국어를 공부한다.) 2. 주요 품사별 특징 가. 명사 특별한 형태 변화가 없으며, 복수형을 만들 때 주로 **们(men)**을 붙입니다. (단, 모든 명사에 붙이지 않고 사람을 나타내는 인칭대명사나 명사에 주로 사용합니다.) 我(wǒ) → 我们(wǒmen) (나 → 우리) 老师(lǎoshī) → 老师们(lǎoshīmen) (선생님 → 선생님들) 나. 동사 시제나 인칭에 따라 형태가 변하지 않습니다. 시간의 표현은 시간 부사 나 **조사(了, 过 등)**를 통해 나타냅니다. 昨天(zuótiān) 我 去 学校。(어제 나는 학교에 갔다.) 明天(míngtiān) 我 去 学校。(내일 나는 학교에 갈 것이다.) 다. 형용사 형용사가 단독으로 술어 역할을 할 수 있는 것이 특징입니다. 이때 보통 형용사 앞에 부사 **很(hěn)**을 붙여 문장을 자연스럽게 만듭니다. 여기서 很 은 '매우'라는 뜻보다는 문장의 균형을 맞춰주는 역할을 합니다. 她 漂亮 。(X - 어색한 표현) 她 很 漂亮(piàoliang)。(O - 그녀는 예쁘다.) 天气 很 好(hǎo)。...
41~42 다음을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오 Translating a literary text is challenging, and it's often said there will be an inevitable loss in translation. But that challenge frequently inspires creative re-renderings that offer the prospect of a (a) gain in translation as well. A washing machine manual doesn't present the same challenges, nor therefore does it inspire the (b) same creativity either. But where, in terms of the opposition between literary and nonliterary language, might we position philosophy's language? Might philosophy want to avoid a translatory economy that aims for a gain in translation but risks a loss? Philosophy wishes to convey its truths intact, without loss and without gain either, or at least it might (c) hesitate to offer its truths to translation without further clarification of what a gain, and indeed a gain in depth, actually means. It cannot be a matter of offsetting "stylistic losses." The loss philosophy fears is a loss of meaning, the compromisin...
34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? In both the arts and the sciences, an aesthetics of simplicity facilitates the precise communication of messages. Both are also fairly systematic. Although many people believe that art is by definition wild and intuitive, while only science is methodologically disciplined, there is a great deal of evidence including from artists talking about their own practices to suggest that art is often created methodically and systematically, and that frameworks and forms permit creativity to flow. Instead of being liberating, freedom without limits is almost paralysing, because without frameworks we end up in a vacuum in which our actions generate no response. As the Danish poet and filmmaker Jørgen Leth has put it many times, 'the rules of the game are a prerequisite for artistic freedom. They provide a solid form or structure that enables the artist to make use of 'the gifts of chance' (to use Leth's expression), and in which a part of the world can ...
WHAT ON EARTH AM I HERE FOR? A life devoted to things is a dead life, a stump; a God-shaped life is a flourishing tree. Proverbs 11:28 (Msg) Blessed are those who trust in the Lord.... They are like trees planted along a riverbank, with roots that reach deep into the water. Such trees are not bothered by the heat or worried by long months of drought. Their leaves stay green, and they go right on producing delicious fruit. Jeremiah 17:7–8 (NLT) It All Starts with God For everything, absolutely everything, above and below, visible and invisible,... everything got started in him and finds its purpose in him. Colossians 1:16 (Msg) Unless you assume a God, the question of life’s purpose is meaningless. Bertrand Russell, atheist It’s not about you. The purpose of your life is far greater than your own personal fulfillment, your peace of mind, or even your happiness. It’s far greater than your fa...
*중세의 조경 (암흑기) 1. 서유럽 : 수도원정원(채소원, 약초원), 회랑식 중정 - 클로이스터 가든 : 수도자들의 명상, 대화장소, 회랑이 아치모형 - 파라디소 : 돌수반에 분수를 만들고 샘을 만듦 - 성관정원 : 매듭무늬화단(Knot) - 장미이야기에 기록이 있음 2. 이슬람 : 스페인, 이란, 인도, 무굴인도 - 무어인(스페인 남부지방) 3. 스페인 - 포르도바 : 대모스크 178 * 128, 오렌지 중정 - 알함브라 궁전(그라나다) + 알베르카 중정 : 도금양(천인화)의 중정 + 사자의 중정 : 분수로부터 4개의 수로 + 다라하의 중정 : 부인실 + 레아의 중정(창격자의 중정) : 사이프러스 중정 - 제네랄리페 (이궁) : 높이 솟은 정원 + 수로의 정원 - 연꽃 + 사이프러스 중정 - 6개의 노단 4. 이란 - 이슬람 영향 : 물이 가장 중요한 요소 - 연못, 저수지 중심 : 대추야자, 사이프러스 - 이스파한(정원도시) : 바그 -> 건물과 정원을 하나로 지어 놓은것 + 차하르바그 : 중아에 7 Km 의 수로 + 왕의 광장 : 380 m x 140m + 40 주궁 5. 무굴인도 (이슬람의 지배를 받았던 인도) - 람바그 (건물+정원) -> 무굴 최고의 광대한 정원 - 타지마할 -...
32. One of the factors determining the use of technologies of communication will be the kinds of investments made in equipment and personnel; who makes them, and what they expect in return. There is no guarantee that the investment will necessarily be in forms of communication that _______________________. Because the ownership of investment funds tends to be in the hands of commercial organisations, the modernisation of communications infrastructure only takes place on the basis of potential profitability. Take, for example, the installation of fibre-optic communications cable across the African continent. A number of African nations are involved in the development but its operational structures will be oriented to those who can pay for access. Many states that might wish to use it for education and information may not only find it too expensive but also simply unavailable to them. There can be no doubt that the development has been led by investment opportunity rather than community ...
Becoming a World-Class Christian Jesus said to his followers, “Go everywhere in the world, and tell the Good News to everyone.” Mark 16:15 (NCV) Send us around the world with the news of your saving power and your eternal plan for all mankind. Psalm 67:2 (LB) The Great Commission is your commission. You have a choice to make. You will be either a world-class Christian or a worldly Christian. Worldly Christians look to God primarily for personal fulfillment. They are saved, but self-centered. They love to attend concerts and enrichment seminars, but you would never find them at a missions conference because they aren’t interested. Their prayers focus on their own needs, blessings, and happiness. It’s a “me-first” faith: How can God make my life more comfortable? They want to use God for their purposes instead of being used for his purposes. In contrast, world-class Christians know they were saved to serve and made for a mission. Th...
38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. An alternative view is that we make sense of the sensations we feel and the facial expressions we see only when we attach words to them we develop rather than inherit our emotional concepts. We experience emotions as different bodily sensations, such as a beating heart and sweaty palms; we recognize emotions in others by their facial expressions and behaviour. (1) One prominent idea is that we are born with a fixed set of basic emotions that are universal within our species, notably happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, disgust and anger. (2) Just as we attach the word gravity to our intuitive understanding about how objects move through space, we simply attach words to each of these innate and universal emotions once those words become available, (3) Key evidence is that children are unable to categorise facial expressions as representing different emotions until they have acquired a lexicon of words for emotions, (4) Before having suc...
The Reason for Everything Everything comes from God alone. Everything lives by his power, and everything is for his glory. Romans 11:36 (LB) The Lord has made everything for his own purposes. Proverbs 16:4 (NLT) It’s all for him. The ultimate goal of the universe is to show the glory of God. It is the reason for everything that exists, including you. God made it all for his glory. Without God’s glory, there would be nothing. What is the glory of God? It is who God is. It is the essence of his nature, the weight of his importance, the radiance of his splendor, the demonstration of his power, and the atmosphere of his presence. God’s glory is the expression of his goodness and all his other intrinsic, eternal qualities. Where is the glory of God? Just look around. Everything created by God reflects his glory in some way. We see it everywhere, from the smallest microscopic form of life to the vast Milky Way, from sunsets and stars to stor...
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