landscape

  [43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. (A) Helen was thrilled when she received a notification on a second-hand shopping app from a seller named Anna. For months, she had been looking for a Philodendron gloriosum, a Colombian plant with dark, velvety leaves shaped like hearts. She had almost given up on getting one. Anna, though, had put one up for sale. The posting read, "(a) I'm selling my favorite plant, because I'm moving abroad. If you pick it up today from Edincester Heights, you can have it for the current price, which is half the market rate." (B) Arriving at the building, Helen could identify Julia by the large paper bag she was holding. The bag had leaves sticking out of the top. (b) She said, "You must be Julia!" Laughing, the woman said, "Yes! Please take good care of this plant. Anna had it for six years, so she considers it family." From the bag, she pulled out another plant, a tiny one with thick, glossy leaves. "Are you familiar with th...

  [41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. People are correct when they feel that the written poetry of literate societies and the oral poetry of non-liferate ones differ considerably from the everyday language spoken in the community. Listeners not only accept the (a)strange use of words, rearrangement of word order, assonance, alliteration, rhythm, rhyme, compression of thought, and so on-they actually expect to find these things in poetry and they are disappointed when poetry does not sound "poetic." But those who regard poctry as a (b)different category of language altogether are deaf to the true achievements of the poet, Rather, the poet artfully manipulates the same raw materials of his language as are used in everyday speech; his skill is to find new possibilities in the resources already in the language. In much the same way that people living at the seashore become so accustomed to the sound of waves that they no longer hear it, most of us have become (c)sensitive to the flood ti...

  39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. Unfortunately, at the scales, accuracy, and precision most useful to protected area management, the future not only promises to be unprecedented, but it also promises to be unpredictable. To decide whether and how to intervene in ecosystems, protected area managers normally need a reasonably clear idea of what future ecosystems would be like if they did not intervene. (1) Management practices usually involve defining a more desirable future condition and implementing management actions designed to push or guide ecosystems toward that condition. (2) Managers need confidence in the likely outcomes of their interventions. (3) This traditional and inherently logical approach requires a high degree of predictive ability, and predictions must be developed at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, often localized and near-term. (4) To illustrate this, consider the uncertainties involved in predicting climatic changes, how ecosystems are li...

  38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. If not, the robot might endlessly chase itself rather than the blocks People involved in the conception and engineering of robots designed to perceive and act know how fundamental is the ability to discriminate oneself from other entities in the environment. Without such an ability, no goal-oriented action would be possible. (1) Imagine that you have to build a robot able to search for blocks scattered in a room in order to pile them. (2) Even this simple task would require that your machine be able to discriminate between stimulation that originates from its own machinery and stimulation that originates from the blocks in the environment. (3) Suppose that you equip your robot with an artificial eye and an artificial arm to detect, grab, and pile the blocks. (4) To be successful. your machine will have to have some built-in system enabling it to discriminate between the detection of a block and the detection of its own arm. (5) Your r...

  The generally close connection between health and what animals want exists because wanting to obtain the right things and wanting to avoid the wrong ones are major ways in which animals keep themselves healthy. (A) They can take pre-emptive action so that the worst never happens. They start to want things that will be necessary for their health and survival not for now but for some time in the future. (B) Animals have evolved many different ways of maintaining their health and then regaining it again once it has been damaged, such as an ability to heal wounds when they are injured and an amazingly complex immune system for warding off infection. (C) Animals are equally good, however, at dealing with injury and disease before they even happen. They have evolved a complex set of mechanisms for anticipating and avoiding danger altogether. * pre-emptive: 선제의 **ward off: 막다 건강과 동물이 원하는 것 사이에는 일반적으로 밀접한 연관성이 있는데, 이는 동물이 건강을 유지하는 주요 방법이기 때문입니다. (A) 동물은 최악의 상황이 발생하지 않도록 선제적으로 조치를 취할 수 있습...

  주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.  If learning were simply a matter of accumulating lists of facts, then it shouldn't make any difference if we are presented with information that is just a little bit beyond what we already know or totally new information. (A) If we are trying to understand something totally new. however, we need to make larger adjustments to the units of the patterns we already have, which requires changing the strengths of large numbers of connections in our brain, and this is a difficult, tiring process. (B) The adjustments are clearly smallest when the new information is only slightly new when it is compatible with what we already know, so that the old patterns need only a little bit of adjustment to accommodate the new knowledge. (C) Each fact would simply be stored separately. According to connectionist theory, however, our knowledge is organized into patterns of activity, and each time we learn something new we have to modify the old patterns so as...

  35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? The best dealers offer a much broader service than merely having their goods on display and 'selling from stock'. Once they know the needs of a particular collector they can actively seek specific items to fill gaps in the collection. (1)Because it is their business, to which they devote themselves full-time, they will inevitably have a much wider network than any non-professional collector can ever develop. (2)As a matter of course they can enquire about the availability of pieces from dealers in other cities and, most crucially in some categories, from overseas. (3)They will be routinely informed of news of all auctions and important private sales, and should be well-enough connected to hear occasionally of items which are not yet quite on sale but might be available for a certain price. (4)The main advantage of buying from a dealer is getting personalised service on your purchases. (5)In turn, they can circulate their own contacts with 'wan...

   That people need other people is hardly news, but for Rousseau this dependence extended far beyond companionship or even love, into the very process of becoming human. Rousseau believed that people are not born but made, every individual a bundle of potentials whose realization requires the active involvement of other people. Self-development is a social process. Self-sufficiency is an impossible fantasy. Much of the time, Rousseau wished passionately that it were not: Robinson Crusoe was a favorite book, and he yearned to be free from the pains and uncertainties of social life. But his writings document with extraordinary clarity _______________________. "Our sweetest existence is relative and collective, and our true self is not entirely within us." And it is kindness which Rousseau analyzed under the rubric of pitié, which translates as pity but is much closer to sympathy as Hume and Smith defined it- that is the key to this collective existence.  * yearn: 갈망하다 **ru...

  City quality is so crucial for optional activities that the extent of staying activities can often be used as a measuring stick for the quality of the city as well as of its space. Many pedestrians in a city are not necessarily an indication of good city quality many people walking around can often be a sign of insufficient transit options or long distances between the various functions in the city. Conversely, it can be claimed that a city in which many people are not walking often indicates good city quality. In a city like Rome, it is the large number of people standing or sitting in squares rather than walking that is conspicuous. And it's not due to necessity but rather that the city quality is so inviting. It is hard to keep moving in city space with so many temptations to stay. In contrast are many new quarters and complexes that many people walk through but rarely stop or stay in. * pedestrian: 보행자, ** conspicuous: 눈에 띄는 1. the city quality is so inviting 2. public spaces...

32. One of the factors determining the use of technologies of communication will be the kinds of investments made in equipment and personnel; who makes them, and what they expect in return. There is no guarantee that the investment will necessarily be in forms of communication that _______________________. Because the ownership of investment funds tends to be in the hands of commercial organisations, the modernisation of communications infrastructure only takes place on the basis of potential profitability. Take, for example, the installation of fibre-optic communications cable across the African continent. A number of African nations are involved in the development but its operational structures will be oriented to those who can pay for access. Many states that might wish to use it for education and information may not only find it too expensive but also simply unavailable to them. There can be no doubt that the development has been led by investment opportunity rather than community ...

  31. There has been a lot of discussion on why moths are attracted to light. The consensus seems to hold that moths are not so much attracted to lights as they are ________________ by them. The light becomes a sensory overload that disorients the insects and sends them into a holding pattern. A hypothesis called the Mach band theory suggests that moths see a dark area around a light source and head for it to escape the light. Another theory suggests that moths perceive the light coming from a source as a diffuse halo with a dark spot in the center. The moths, attempting to escape the light, fly toward that imagined "portal," bringing them closer to the source. As they approach the light, their reference point changes and they circle the light hopelessly trying to reach the portal. Everyone is familiar with moths circling their porch lights. Their flight appears to have no purpose, but they are, it is believed, trying to escape the pull of the light. *moth: 나방 ** consensus: 합...

  30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 We all like to think of ourselves as rational actors, careful and considered in our thinking, capable of sound and reliable judgments. We might believe that we generally consider different points of view and make (1)informed decisions. We are, in fact, "predictably irrational," as psychologist Dan Ariely titled his book on the topic. All of us engage in automatic, reflexive thinking, typically taking the (2)easier path and conserving mental effort. Although we each may have the subjective impression that we are careful thinkers, we often make snap judgments or no real judgments at all. In addition, numerous biases inhibit or override reflective, deliberative thought; intuitive theories can also interfere with (3)acceptance of accurate scientific explanations. Understanding more about how our minds work and how biases may operate can make us each (4)less subject to fallacious reasoning, more rational, and more aware of the problems in ot...

  29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? Victorian England is characterised by the full development of the Industrial Revolution. England became the first industrial nation in the world and, by 1850, the first nation to have more people (1)employed in industry than in agriculture. Expanding trade coincided with the growth of the Empire and brought great wealth to Britain, but this wealth was not (2)evenly distributed. Many enterprising individuals (the 'self-made men') rose from humble origins to positions of wealth and influence, but large sections of the working class (3)were forced into the overcrowded slums of large cities where they worked long hours for low wages in unhealthy conditions. The manufacturing towns of the north of England provided some of the worst examples and (4)inspired such socially conscious novels as Kingsley's Alton Locke, Gaskell's Mary Barton, and Dickens's Hard Times. In the south there was London, already the largest city in the world, showing...

  43~45 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. In a small town known for its flourishing academic community, two brothers, James and Daniel Carter, stood out for their exceptional effort and talent. James and (a) his younger brother, Daniel, both applied for the Spark Fellowship. The Spark Fellowship was a highly respected program that selects and supports outstanding students every two years. Unsurprisingly, both brothers advanced to the final round. ------------------------- (B) ------------------------- Without Daniel knowing, James went to the selection committee. (b) He told the committee, "Daniel has always been the more dedicated and talented one. He will excel in this program like no one else." Meanwhile, Daniel had the same idea as his older brother. He believed that his brother was the more ideal and deserving candidate. (c) He also decided to visit and speak to the committee. ------------------------- (C) ------------------------- However, the program had a strict rule: only one fami...